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The Second Law of Thermodynamics, and Engines of Cognition


Change: "Which is to say: if X started in state X7" To: " Which is to say: if X started in state X7"


Mutual Information, and Density in Thingspace


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The Sin of Underconfidence


123


Biases: An Introduction


TestTag sus chungus amongus


Replace the Symbol with the Substance


There is a missed space before comma: "Avoiding cached thoughts, which will rush in using standard words,so you can block them by tabooing standard words;"


What Do I Mean By “Rationality”?


"And “winning” here need not come at the expense of others."

Then "winning" was the wrong choice of word.


Planning Fallacy


It is good


Glossary


Other ideas for entries:

A: affect heuristic, akrasia, anthropics, artificial general intelligence, artificial intelligence, Aumann’s Agreement Theorem, availability heuristic, average utilitarianism, axon
B: backward chaining, base rate, base rate neglect, Bayes net, Bayes’s Theorem, Bayes-structure, Bayesian, Bayesian probability, Bayesian reasoner, Bayesian reasoning, Bayesian statistics, Bayesianism, bit, black swan, Blue, Born rule
C: calibration, capitalization, causal decision theory, cognitive bias, cognitive heuristic, cognitive science, collapse, complement, complex number, complexity, computation, conditional independence, confidence interval, configuration space, confirmation bias, consequentialism, conspiracy, cooperation, Copenhagen Interpretation, cosmological horizon, counterfactual, Cox’s Theorem, cryonics
D: D-separation, dan, de novo, decibel, decoherence, deduction, Deep Blue, defection, deontology, dimension, directed acyclic graph, doublethink, dukkha, Dutch Book, dynamic, dysrationalia
E: economies of scale, Egan’s Law, emergence, empiricism, epistemic rationality, epistemology, epsilon, eudaimonia, EURISKO, Everett branch, evidential decision theory, existential angst, existential risk, exponentiation
F: factorization, falsificationism, Fermi Paradox, frequentism, Friendly AI, fun theory, fungibility, futurism, fuzzy
G: g-factor, game theory, gene, General Relativity, gensym, Go, Green, grey goo, Gricean implication, group selection
H: hindsight bias, holodeck, humility, hyper-real number
I: induction, inductive bias, inefficient market, information theory, integer, instrumental, instrumental rationality, intelligence, intelligence explosion, intentionality, intuition pump, intuitionism, IRC, isomorphism
J: joint probability
K: koan, Kolmogorov complexity
L: Laplace’s Rule of Succession, Less Wrong, likelihood ratio, LISP token, Litany of Gendlin, Litany of Tarski, log odds, logarithm, logic, lookup table
M: machine code, Many Worlds Interpretation, marginal efficiency, marginal probability, marginal returns, market economy, Mind Projection Fallacy, modesty
N: necessary condition, neural networks
O: optimization, order of magnitude
P: package deal fallacy, particle, Peano arithmetic, prediction market, probability mass, p-value
R: real number, renormalization, reversible computer
S: scalar factor, science, second-order, self-handicapping, solipsism, sufficient condition, superposition
- RobbBB (talk) 12:27, 10 March 2015 (AEDT)

—from https://wiki.lesswrong.com/wiki/Talk:RAZ_Glossary

Grammar fix in Inclusive fitness

they will usually [+have] more reason

- icecream17 (17 Jan 2023)

Fixed! —Said Achmiz March 12, 2023, at 10:45 PM


Crisis of Faith


faith in crisis is faith as is.


Guardians of Ayn Rand


Space: Fascinating


Explain/Worship/Ignore?


I see nothing wrong with hitting explain over and over, with not end in sight. Each step is progress, because it gives deeper understanding and knowledge. Even if there is no final dialog box, I will still keep hitting explain. If the knowledge gained doesn't seem to be worth the effort, I will ignore it for now, until I have better methods available.


Scientific Evidence, Legal Evidence, Rational Evidence


What does insulting Wulky mean in this context? And how does his status as a neo-utopian affect the probability of him being a crime boss (this part is a joke)?


Entangled Truths, Contagious Lies


"4.5 × 10−31 m/s2" should end in "...s^2" or the nicely typeset equivalent.

Fixed, thanks! —Said Achmiz January 11, 2020, at 07:04 PM


37 Ways That Words Can Be Wrong


A Taxonomy for the “Abuse of Definition” Zoo

I wrote of this before. This kind of arguing tactic is like abuse of notation in the name of being more precise, but instead of stopping strategic equivocation, you shut down all meaningful communication. Time to get precise about the different kinds and how to recognise them.

Stealing Words

I talk about love and you ask me to define what I mean by “love”. You give your own, reductive definition for ”love”. I cannot say “love“ any more, because now it doesn’t mean what I want to say.

Don’t play games with me, I say. You ask me to define “game”. Unfortunately, I don’t have either of Homo Ludens by Johan Huizinga or Games People Play by Eric Berne handy, so I look it up in an encyclopedia, and only find definitions from sports, board games, logic (game semantics) and strategic game theory. I cannot say “game“ any more, because now it doesn’t mean what I want to say.

Too Many Small Concepts

I talk about feelings, and you ask me to distinguish between “affects”, “moods”, “qualia”, “emotions” and “sensory stimuli”. I throw my copy of Descartes’ Error at your face. This level of distinction doesn’t even make sense. Emotions cause body states, which cause sensory stimuli, which all together cause feelings.

I talk about the probability of rain tomorrow, and you ask me if this a “subjective probability”, “frequentist probability”, or a “propensity”. The math would be the same. The expected utility of carrying an umbrella is high.

I talk about what is good, or what is right, and you ask me to distinguish between “ethics”, “morals” and “utility”. For the rest of the conversation, I have to use a phrase like “moral AND ethical“ and I sound like Sam Harris.

I say I love you, and you ask me to decide between “storge“, “philia“, “amor“ and “agape“. Something got lost in translation here.

Loading Definitions

You tell me about toxic masculinity. You tell me that “toxic masculinity” is always bad. I ask about certain positive masculine traits. You tell me that these traits are not “toxic masculinity“. You explain that “toxic masculinity” is bad by definition.

Tunnel-Vision Prescriptivism

I want to talk about common ideas of “politics“. Not about politics, but about what people commonly mean or understand when they say “politics”. You ask me to define “politics”. That’s not my point at all. You give a definition of “politics”. Is that what other people understand when you say “politics“, I ask. Who cares what clueless people think about politics, you counter.

Making Words Unwieldly

You introduce a bunch of phrases like “being-in-itself“, “the feeling of emotion“, “sex-worker-excluding radical feminist” and insist I be precise and always use the long form.

(from https://the-grey-tribe.tumblr.com/post/173889994273/a-taxonomy-for-the-abuse-of-definition-zoo )


Zombies: The Movie



Motivated Stopping and Motivating Continuation



Evaporative Cooling of Group Beliefs



The Simple Truth



Mysterious Answers to Mysterious Questions



An Especially Elegant Evolutionary Psychology Experiment



Guardians of the Gene Pool



How Much Evidence Does It Take?



The Failures of Eld Science



My Naturalistic Awakening



Are Your Enemies Innately Evil?



Fallacies of Compression



Guardians of the Truth



Fake Morality



Rationalization



Schools Proliferating Without Evidence



Say Not “Complexity”



Truly Part of You



Decoherence is Simple



When Science Can’t Help



Excluding the Supernatural



Hold Off On Proposing Solutions



What Evidence Filtered Evidence?



Collapse Postulates



Resist the Happy Death Spiral



The Ritual



Ends: An Introduction



Where Philosophy Meets Science



Many Worlds, One Best Guess



The “Intuitions” Behind “Utilitarianism”



Where to Draw the Boundary?



Conservation of Expected Evidence



Use the Try Harder, Luke



Anchoring and Adjustment



A Sense That More Is Possible



Rationality: An Introduction



Priming and Contamination



Detached Lever Fallacy



Words as Mental Paintbrush Handles



The True Prisoner’s Dilemma



The Quotation is Not the Referent



Belief in Self-Deception



Terminal Values and Instrumental Values



Einstein’s Speed



Unbounded Scales, Huge Jury Awards, and Futurism



Mind Projection Fallacy



We Change Our Minds Less Often Than We Think



Savannah Poets



But There’s Still a Chance, Right?



Distinct Configurations



Variable Question Fallacies



Neural Categories



Go Forth and Create the Art!



Similarity Clusters



The Virtue of Narrowness



Raised in Technophilia



Science as Attire



Bayesians vs. Barbarians



Fighting a Rearguard Action Against the Truth



No Safe Defense, Not Even Science



Is Reality Ugly?



No One Can Exempt You From Rationality’s Laws



Angry Atoms



An Intuitive Explanation of Bayes’s Theorem



Joy in Discovery



A Priori



Chaotic Inversion



What Would You Do Without Morality?



On Expressing Your Concerns



Asch’s Conformity Experiment



My Wild and Reckless Youth



Zut Allais!



Do Scientists Already Know This Stuff?



When None Dare Urge Restraint



Living in Many Worlds



Where Recursive Justification Hits Bottom



Rationality and the English Language



Changing the Definition of Science



Leave a Line of Retreat



Brain Breakthrough! It’s Made of Neurons!



Belief in Belief



You Can Face Reality



Beware of Other-Optimizing



The Twelve Virtues of Rationality



Making Beliefs Pay Rent (in Anticipated Experiences)



Belief in Intelligence



Infinite Certainty



Applause Lights



Initiation Ceremony



Bystander Apathy



Belief as Attire



Mundane Magic



Newcomb’s Problem and Regret of Rationality



Minds: An Introduction



The Third Alternative



Value is Fragile



One Argument Against An Army



New Improved Lottery



When Anthropomorphism Became Stupid



The Bottom Line



The Gift We Give to Tomorrow



The Sacred Mundane



My Childhood Role Model



How to Convince Me That 2 + 2 = 3



Human Evil and Muddled Thinking



To Spread Science, Keep It Secret



Ends Don’t Justify Means (Among Humans)



Semantic Stopsigns



Sorting Pebbles into Correct Heaps



Availability



Knowing About Biases Can Hurt People



Trying to Try



Just Lose Hope Already



Policy Debates Should Not Appear One-Sided



Evolutions Are Stupid (But Work Anyway)



Cached Thoughts



Evaluability (and Cheap Holiday Shopping)



Mere Messiahs



Changing Your Metaethics



Make an Extraordinary Effort



Faster Than Science



Categorizing Has Consequences



Fake Reductionism



Thou Art Godshatter



Psychic Powers



Zombies! Zombies?



Feel the Meaning



Do We Believe Everything We’re Told?



Adaptation-Executers, Not Fitness-Maximizers



Universal Law



Optimization and the Intelligence Explosion



Tsuyoku Naritai! (I Want to Become Stronger)



An Alien God



Extensions and Intensions



Burdensome Details



My Best and Worst Mistake



The Wonder of Evolution



Cultish Countercultishness



One Life Against the World



The Power of Intelligence



Disputing Definitions



Universal Fire



High Challenge



Final Words



Your Strength as a Rationalist



Beginnings: An Introduction



Positive Bias: Look into the Dark



Helpless Individuals



Humans in Funny Suits



The Sheer Folly of Callow Youth



“Science” as Curiosity-Stopper



Hand vs. Fingers



Superexponential Conceptspace, and Simple Words



Bayesian Judo



0 And 1 Are Not Probabilities



Failing to Learn from History



Correspondence Bias



Beautiful Probability



Quantum Explanations



Bind Yourself to Reality



The Beauty of Settled Science



Evolving to Extinction



The Magnitude of His Own Folly



Superstimuli and the Collapse of Western Civilization



The Parable of Hemlock



Superhero Bias



Purchase Fuzzies and Utilons Separately



Expecting Short Inferential Distances



Of Lies and Black Swan Blowups



Searching for Bayes-Structure



Reversed Stupidity Is Not Intelligence



Ghosts in the Machine



The Hidden Complexity of Wishes



Original Seeing



Empty Labels



The Level Above Mine



Entropy, and Short Codes



Quantum Non-Realism



Rationality: Common Interest of Many Causes



Could Anything Be Right?



Why Truth? And…



Illusion of Transparency: Why No One Understands You



Serious Stories



The Meditation on Curiosity



Epistemic Viciousness



The Crackpot Offer



Absolute Authority



Guessing the Teacher’s Password



How An Algorithm Feels From Inside



Amazing Breakthrough Day: April 1st



Probability is in the Mind



Pretending to be Wise



No, Really, I’ve Deceived Myself



A Technical Explanation of Technical Explanation



The Fallacy of Gray



Incremental Progress and the Valley



Science Doesn’t Trust Your Rationality



No Evolutions for Corporations or Nanodevices



Professing and Cheering



Practical Advice Backed by Deep Theories



Perpetual Motion Beliefs



The Scales of Justice, the Notebook of Rationality



That Alien Message



Heat vs. Motion



Stranger than History



Class Project



How to Seem (and Be) Deep



Arguing “By Definition”



Religion’s Claim to be Non-Disprovable



Making History Available



Collective Apathy and the Internet



Lost Purposes



The Allais Paradox



Fake Explanations



If Many-Worlds Had Come First



Feeling Moral



Created Already in Motion



Fake Utility Functions



Absence of Evidence Is Evidence of Absence



The Robbers Cave Experiment



Righting a Wrong Question



The Proper Use of Humility



Anthropomorphic Optimism



Zombie Responses



Outside the Laboratory



Uncritical Supercriticality



A Fable of Science and Politics



Tsuyoku vs. the Egalitarian Instinct



My Kind of Reflection



Not For the Sake of Happiness (Alone)



Hindsight Devalues Science



Magical Categories



The Generalized Anti-Zombie Principle



Fake Optimization Criteria



The Halo Effect



My Bayesian Enlightenment



The Lens That Sees Its Own Flaws



The Parable of the Dagger



On Doing the Impossible



Belief in the Implied Invisible



Privileging the Hypothesis



Three Levels of Rationality Verification



Feeling Rational



Your Rationality Is My Business



Doublethink (Choosing to be Biased)



Fake Selfishness



Typicality and Asymmetrical Similarity



Shut Up and Do the Impossible!



Lotteries: A Waste of Hope



Decoherence is Falsifiable and Testable



The “Outside the Box” Box



The Tragedy of Group Selectionism



Morality as Fixed Computation



Your Price for Joining



Church vs. Taskforce



If You Demand Magic, Magic Won’t Help



Configurations and Amplitude



Something to Protect



The Futility of Emergence



Dissolving the Question



Is That Your True Rejection?



Affective Death Spirals



Why Our Kind Can’t Cooperate



The World: An Introduction



The Argument from Common Usage



No Universally Compelling Arguments



Every Cause Wants to Be a Cult



Explaining vs. Explaining Away



The Design Space of Minds-in-General



Thou Art Physics



Update Yourself Incrementally



Can Humanism Match Religion’s Output?



… What’s a Bias, Again?



Sympathetic Minds



Dreams of AI Design



Argument Screens Off Authority



Sneaking in Connotations



Is Humanism a Religion Substitute?



Fake Causality



Disguised Queries



Ethical Injunctions



My Childhood Death Spiral



Qualitatively Confused



A Prodigy of Refutation



Reductionism



The Proper Use of Doubt



Think Like Reality



Occam’s Razor



Hug the Query



The Logical Fallacy of Generalization from Fictional Evidence



Einstein’s Arrogance



Words as Hidden Inferences



GAZP vs. GLUT



When (Not) to Use Probabilities



The Dilemma: Science or Bayes?



Raising the Sanity Waterline



What Is Evidence?



Two Cult Koans



Beyond the Reach of God



That Tiny Note of Discord



Money: The Unit of Caring



Einstein’s Superpowers



The Importance of Saying “Oops”



Tolerate Tolerance



Joint Configurations



Dark Side Epistemology



Evolutionary Psychology



Lonely Dissent



Lawful Uncertainty



Politics is the Mind-Killer



The Cluster Structure of Thingspace



Joy in the Merely Real



The Affect Heuristic



Scope Insensitivity



Artificial Addition



Moore’s Paradox



Avoiding Your Belief’s Real Weak Points



Singlethink



Fake Justification



Taboo Your Words



Wrong Questions



Focus Your Uncertainty



Scarcity



Reductive Reference



Don’t Believe You’ll Self-Deceive



Conditional Independence, and Naive Bayes



A Rational Argument



The Genetic Fallacy



Science Isn’t Strict Enough



Leaky Generalizations